Record Atlas
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Croes

Croes. Attested in Belgium, France, United States of America, Spain, Poland, borne by about 1,918 people in the registers this map holds.

The same name, spelt two ways

One systematic substitution — s for z, w for v, ch for h — where BOTH spellings are independently attested surnames. Kosina and Kozina are one man in two clerks' handwriting. Stronger than sounding alike, weaker than somebody having checked.

KroesCros

Only sounds alike

An algorithm's guess. Useful for casting a net, and not evidence.

CresCreesCroasCroisCroosCrossCrous

What Wikidata says this name is

Copied from Wikidata, not worked out here. It is crowd-sourced and wrong in places, which is why the item is linked below rather than the claim simply repeated.

  • Dutch the language of the name

    Which is not where a family is from. A Polish surname can be borne by people whose forebears never saw Poland, and often is.

  • Read about it on Wikipedia ↗ an article, with its own sources

Q37291488 on Wikidata ↗ — the item every line above came from.

It is also the name of a place

This is as close to an origin as this map will go. A surname that is also a place name often came from it — and often did not: plenty are occupations or patronymics that happen to collide with a place, and plenty of places are named after a family rather than the other way round. It is a fact with a source, which is more than an etymology page offers.

  • Cres Croatia pop. 2,185 only a phonetic neighbour, not a spelling
  • Cross United Kingdom pop. 337 only a phonetic neighbour, not a spelling
  • Cross Ireland only a phonetic neighbour, not a spelling
  • Cross United States of America only a phonetic neighbour, not a spelling

Where it is borne, and where a record names it

Attested in 5 countries: Belgium, France, United States of America, Spain, PolandPoland — 2 peopleSpain — 77 peopleUnited States of America — 327 peopleFrance — 437 peopleBelgium — 1,075 people
A dot is a country, not a place. It sits at the country's centre because a national register counts a country; nothing here says where in it these people are. Blank is not absence. This draws the 5 countries where the eleven registers and eight archives behind this atlas attest the name. Most of the world has no surname register this project can read, and the ones that do and will not are listed with the reason.
Belgium, by commune. 1,075 people in 79 of Belgium's 565 communes, counted by Statbel. The biggest is Hasselt with 103. This is the only country here that can be drawn this way — every other register counts a country and stops, so a blank elsewhere is a gap in what states publish, not in the name.
79 places drawn, the largest being Hasselt, Alken, Antwerpen, Diepenbeek, Bornem, Sint-Truiden, Blankenberge, Bilzen-Hoeselt, Tongeren-Borgloon, Puurs-Sint-AmandsAarschot — 8Lier — 8Heusden-Zolder — 9Luik — 9De Haan — 9Menen — 9Diest — 9Asse — 9Bastenaken — 10Zottegem — 10Tienen — 10Geetbets — 10Herk-de-Stad — 11Mechelen — 11Charleroi — 12Zonhoven — 13Sint-Niklaas — 13Willebroek — 13Scherpenheuvel-Zichem — 14Zemst — 14Nieuwerkerken — 15Moeskroen — 15Gent — 15Knokke-Heist — 16Genk — 17Beloeil — 17Brugge — 18Wellen — 19Saint-Ghislain — 19Leuven — 22Puurs-Sint-Amands — 23Tongeren-Borgloon — 24Bilzen-Hoeselt — 27Blankenberge — 27Sint-Truiden — 41Bornem — 42Diepenbeek — 43Antwerpen — 54Alken — 75Hasselt — 103

Country by country

Each country below can carry up to three different kinds of evidence, and none of them is the same claim. A register is a head-count — a state counted these people. A record is one document naming the surname on that ground, narrower evidence and often much older. And a volume overlapping these dates is a document from the right place and years — never a document known to name this surname. None of the three ever means the name exists in that country and nowhere else, or that it exists nowhere but here.

Belgium

1,075 Borne — a state counted them — Family names by municipality, 1 January 2026 (Statbel, TA_POP_LST_2026).

Whose archive to write to

46 of 24,426 volumes held for Belgium overlap the 1480s, 1930s and 1970s — the decades Croes is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Croes. The commonest kinds: Civil registration and vital records. See everything this atlas holds for Belgium →

France

437 Borne — a state counted them — Fichier des noms de famille 1891–2000 (INSEE, fichier national).

Whose archive to write to

777 of 1,513 volumes held for France overlap the 1780s, 1810s, 1820s, 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1910s, 1920s, 1940s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s — the decades Croes is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Croes. The commonest kinds: Civil registration and vital records, Church and parish registers, Censuses and population lists, Probate, land and notarial. See everything this atlas holds for France →

United States of America

327 Borne — a state counted them — Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census; Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2000 Census.

Whose archive to write to

485,988 of 528,875 volumes held for United States of America overlap the 1760s, 1790s, 1800s, 1810s, 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, 1910s, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s — the decades Croes is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Croes. The commonest kinds: Probate, land and notarial, Civil registration and vital records, Immigration and emigration, Censuses and population lists. See everything this atlas holds for United States of America →

Spain

77 Borne — a state counted them — Frecuencia de apellidos, Censos de población (INE).

Whose archive to write to

15,300 of 35,936 volumes held for Spain overlap the 1810s, 1830s, 1840s, 1890s, 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, 1980s and 1990s — the decades Croes is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Croes. The commonest kinds: Church and parish registers, Probate, land and notarial, Immigration and emigration, Civil registration and vital records. See everything this atlas holds for Spain →

Poland

2 Borne — a state counted them — Nazwiska występujące w rejestrze PESEL (z uwzględnieniem osób zmarłych).

Whose archive to write to

1 of 15,686 volumes held for Poland overlap the 1980s — the decades Croes is attested here. None is known to name Croes: a volume overlapping these years is a document from the right place and time, not a confirmed match. Worth an afternoon.

When it was being born, in France

INSEE counts births by surname and decade from the état civil, 1891 to 2000 — the only dated evidence in this dataset. A name that starts at zero and climbs arrived; a name that falls to nothing left, died out, or emigrated, and the decade it stops is the decade to stop searching. It counts births registered in France, so a family that emigrated in 1900 simply stops appearing, which is information rather than a defect.

  • 1891–1900 21
  • 1901–1910 27
  • 1911–1920 29
  • 1921–1930 39
  • 1931–1940 33
  • 1941–1950 45
  • 1951–1960 43
  • 1961–1970 65
  • 1971–1980 48
  • 1981–1990 37
  • 1991–2000 50

Whose archive held that ground, and when

Every surname site can tell you a name is common somewhere. This one also knows which filing system held that ground in which years — and those are the two halves of one question: my people were called this, they were there, so who has the paper, and for which century. A name in Croatia before 1881 may sit in a military series and not a county one; a name in the Netherlands before 1811 has no civil record at all, only a baptism.

This is about the ground, not about your family. A register counting a name in a country says nothing about which village. And these are the pieces of a country this atlas has drawn, which in a large one may be a corner of it — Acadia reaches into Maine and is not a statement about the United States, and Bohemia's ground crosses into Poland. Each region's own page says which ground it covers. Where a country is missing below, nothing covers it yet.

Belgium
France
United States of America
Poland
  • Pomerania and Danzig 7 eras Duchy of Pomerania → Swedish Pomerania in the west; Brandenburg-Prussia in the east → Prussia → German Empire → …
  • Bohemia 6 eras Kingdom of Bohemia → Austria → Czechoslovakia → Sudetenland and the Reichsprotektorat → …
  • Posen — Prussian Poland 8 eras Poland → Prussia → Duchy of Warsaw → German Empire → …
  • Galicia 6 eras Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia → Poland → Austria → German and Soviet occupation → …
  • Moravia and Silesia 6 eras Margraviate of Moravia → Austria → Czechoslovakia → Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren → …
  • East Prussia 4 eras State of the Teutonic Order → Duchy, then Kingdom, of Prussia → German Empire → Russia in the north; Poland in the south; Lithuania at Memel
  • Silesia 6 eras Habsburg Bohemian crown lands → Prussia → German Empire → Divided → …
  • Congress Poland — the Russian partition 7 eras Russian Empire → Duchy of Warsaw → Kingdom of Poland, in personal union with Russia → Poland, restored → …

No record region is drawn yet for Spain — which is a gap in this atlas and not a statement about that country.

Find Croes on the map →

The surname dataset · CC0, and downloadable