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Candel

Candel. Attested in Spain, France, United States of America, Belgium, borne by about 6,369 people in the registers this map holds.

The same name, spelt two ways

One systematic substitution — s for z, w for v, ch for h — where BOTH spellings are independently attested surnames. Kosina and Kozina are one man in two clerks' handwriting. Stronger than sounding alike, weaker than somebody having checked.

KandelCandell

It is also the name of a place

1 place drawn, the largest being KandelKandel — 8,385
Where those places are. A dot is a settlement whose name is this surname, sized by its population — not a claim that anybody of the name lives there. Phonetic neighbours are listed below but not drawn: putting a machine's guess on the ground would dress it up as geography.

This is as close to an origin as this map will go. A surname that is also a place name often came from it — and often did not: plenty are occupations or patronymics that happen to collide with a place, and plenty of places are named after a family rather than the other way round. It is a fact with a source, which is more than an etymology page offers.

  • Kandel Germany pop. 8,385 a spelling of the name

Where it is borne, and where a record names it

Attested in 4 countries: Spain, France, United States of America, BelgiumBelgium — 6 peopleUnited States of America — 111 peopleFrance — 400 peopleSpain — 5,852 people
A dot is a country, not a place. It sits at the country's centre because a national register counts a country; nothing here says where in it these people are. Blank is not absence. This draws the 4 countries where the eleven registers and eight archives behind this atlas attest the name. Most of the world has no surname register this project can read, and the ones that do and will not are listed with the reason.
Belgium, by commune. 6 people in 1 of Belgium's 565 communes, counted by Statbel. The biggest is Grâce-Hollogne with 6. This is the only country here that can be drawn this way — every other register counts a country and stops, so a blank elsewhere is a gap in what states publish, not in the name.
1 place drawn, the largest being Grâce-HollogneGrâce-Hollogne — 6

Country by country

Each country below can carry up to three different kinds of evidence, and none of them is the same claim. A register is a head-count — a state counted these people. A record is one document naming the surname on that ground, narrower evidence and often much older. And a volume overlapping these dates is a document from the right place and years — never a document known to name this surname. None of the three ever means the name exists in that country and nowhere else, or that it exists nowhere but here.

Spain

5,852 Borne — a state counted them — Frecuencia de apellidos, Censos de población (INE).

Whose archive to write to

5,575 of 35,936 volumes held for Spain overlap the 1900s, 1920s, 1940s and 1970s — the decades Candel is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Candel. The commonest kinds: Church and parish registers, Probate, land and notarial, Civil registration and vital records, Immigration and emigration. See everything this atlas holds for Spain →

France

400 Borne — a state counted them — Fichier des noms de famille 1891–2000 (INSEE, fichier national).

Whose archive to write to
Attested here, and nothing that survives covers those years

Candel is attested in France in the 1520s, 1930s, 1940s and 1970s. Not one of the 1,513 volumes this atlas holds for France covers those years — worth knowing before an afternoon is spent on France's shelf rather than after.

United States of America

111 Borne — a state counted them — Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2000 Census.

Whose archive to write to

117,931 of 528,875 volumes held for United States of America overlap the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and 1960s — the decades Candel is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Candel. The commonest kinds: Probate, land and notarial, Civil registration and vital records, Immigration and emigration, Censuses and population lists. See everything this atlas holds for United States of America →

Belgium

6 Borne — a state counted them — Family names by municipality, 1 January 2026 (Statbel, TA_POP_LST_2026).

Whose archive to write to

This atlas has no birth-year evidence for Candel in Belgium, so it cannot narrow Belgium's 24,426 volumes by date — see Belgium's own page for all of it.

When it was being born, in France

INSEE counts births by surname and decade from the état civil, 1891 to 2000 — the only dated evidence in this dataset. A name that starts at zero and climbs arrived; a name that falls to nothing left, died out, or emigrated, and the decade it stops is the decade to stop searching. It counts births registered in France, so a family that emigrated in 1900 simply stops appearing, which is information rather than a defect.

  • 1891–1900 7
  • 1901–1910 10
  • 1911–1920 12
  • 1921–1930 21
  • 1931–1940 21
  • 1941–1950 18
  • 1951–1960 40
  • 1961–1970 87
  • 1971–1980 54
  • 1981–1990 56
  • 1991–2000 74

Whose archive held that ground, and when

Every surname site can tell you a name is common somewhere. This one also knows which filing system held that ground in which years — and those are the two halves of one question: my people were called this, they were there, so who has the paper, and for which century. A name in Croatia before 1881 may sit in a military series and not a county one; a name in the Netherlands before 1811 has no civil record at all, only a baptism.

This is about the ground, not about your family. A register counting a name in a country says nothing about which village. And these are the pieces of a country this atlas has drawn, which in a large one may be a corner of it — Acadia reaches into Maine and is not a statement about the United States, and Bohemia's ground crosses into Poland. Each region's own page says which ground it covers. Where a country is missing below, nothing covers it yet.

France
United States of America
Belgium

No record region is drawn yet for Spain — which is a gap in this atlas and not a statement about that country.

Find Candel on the map →

The surname dataset · CC0, and downloadable