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Nicoll

Nicoll. Attested in United States of America, Spain, Belgium, borne by about 2,577 people in the registers this map holds.

The same name, spelt two ways

One systematic substitution — s for z, w for v, ch for h — where BOTH spellings are independently attested surnames. Kosina and Kozina are one man in two clerks' handwriting. Stronger than sounding alike, weaker than somebody having checked.

Nicol

Only sounds alike

An algorithm's guess. Useful for casting a net, and not evidence.

NicolaNicoleNicoliNicoloNicolyNicoulNicholl

What Wikidata says this name is

Copied from Wikidata, not worked out here. It is crowd-sourced and wrong in places, which is why the item is linked below rather than the claim simply repeated.

  • English the language of the name

    Which is not where a family is from. A Polish surname can be borne by people whose forebears never saw Poland, and often is.

  • Read about it on Wikipedia ↗ an article, with its own sources

Q21494541 on Wikidata ↗ — the item every line above came from.

What Wiktionary says this name is

Copied from the surname template on Wiktionary, not worked out here, and not from its etymology prose. Anyone may edit it; the page and the revision it was read at are linked below.

  • patronymics what the English entry says it is from
  • English recorded as a surname in these languages

    A language here is the language of the NAME, not a country a family came from — the same caveat the Wikidata section carries, and worth repeating rather than assumed read.

Nicoll on Wiktionary ↗ — read at revision 89107796. Text from Wiktionary, by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0.

It is also the name of a place

This is as close to an origin as this map will go. A surname that is also a place name often came from it — and often did not: plenty are occupations or patronymics that happen to collide with a place, and plenty of places are named after a family rather than the other way round. It is a fact with a source, which is more than an etymology page offers.

  • Nicola Italy pop. 138 only a phonetic neighbour, not a spelling

Where it is borne, and where a record names it

Attested in 3 countries: United States of America, Spain, BelgiumBelgium — 31 peopleSpain — 43 peopleUnited States of America — 2,503 people
A dot is a country, not a place. It sits at the country's centre because a national register counts a country; nothing here says where in it these people are. Blank is not absence. This draws the 3 countries where the eleven registers and eight archives behind this atlas attest the name. Most of the world has no surname register this project can read, and the ones that do and will not are listed with the reason.
Belgium, by commune. 31 people in 3 of Belgium's 565 communes, counted by Statbel. The biggest is Eupen with 19. This is the only country here that can be drawn this way — every other register counts a country and stops, so a blank elsewhere is a gap in what states publish, not in the name.
3 places drawn, the largest being Eupen, Baelen, RaerenRaeren — 6Baelen — 6Eupen — 19

Country by country

Each country below can carry up to three different kinds of evidence, and none of them is the same claim. A register is a head-count — a state counted these people. A record is one document naming the surname on that ground, narrower evidence and often much older. And a volume overlapping these dates is a document from the right place and years — never a document known to name this surname. None of the three ever means the name exists in that country and nowhere else, or that it exists nowhere but here.

United States of America

2,503 Borne — a state counted them — Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census; Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2000 Census.

Whose archive to write to

324,237 of 528,875 volumes held for United States of America overlap the 1790s, 1810s, 1840s, 1850s, 1870s, 1880s, 1900s, 1910s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s — the decades Nicoll is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Nicoll. The commonest kinds: Probate, land and notarial, Civil registration and vital records, Immigration and emigration, Censuses and population lists. See everything this atlas holds for United States of America →

Spain

43 Borne — a state counted them — Frecuencia de apellidos, Censos de población (INE).

Whose archive to write to

9,517 of 35,936 volumes held for Spain overlap the 1850s, 1860s and 1900s — the decades Nicoll is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names Nicoll. The commonest kinds: Church and parish registers, Probate, land and notarial, Immigration and emigration, Civil registration and vital records. See everything this atlas holds for Spain →

Belgium

31 Borne — a state counted them — Family names by municipality, 1 January 2026 (Statbel, TA_POP_LST_2026).

Whose archive to write to

11 of 24,426 volumes held for Belgium overlap the 1980s — the decades Nicoll is attested here. None is known to name Nicoll: a volume overlapping these years is a document from the right place and time, not a confirmed match. Worth an afternoon.

Whose archive held that ground, and when

Every surname site can tell you a name is common somewhere. This one also knows which filing system held that ground in which years — and those are the two halves of one question: my people were called this, they were there, so who has the paper, and for which century. A name in Croatia before 1881 may sit in a military series and not a county one; a name in the Netherlands before 1811 has no civil record at all, only a baptism.

This is about the ground, not about your family. A register counting a name in a country says nothing about which village. And these are the pieces of a country this atlas has drawn, which in a large one may be a corner of it — Acadia reaches into Maine and is not a statement about the United States, and Bohemia's ground crosses into Poland. Each region's own page says which ground it covers. Where a country is missing below, nothing covers it yet.

United States of America
Belgium

No record region is drawn yet for Spain — which is a gap in this atlas and not a statement about that country.

Find Nicoll on the map →

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