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O'Neill

O'Neill, also written Neill, O'Neil. Attested in Spain, France, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, borne by about 749 people in the registers this map holds.

Also written

A person linked these — Wikidata's «said to be the same as», or a family archive that worked it out from documents.

NeillO'Neil

Only sounds alike

An algorithm's guess. Useful for casting a net, and not evidence.

OneillOneilOnellO'NellOneall

What Wikidata says this name is

Copied from Wikidata, not worked out here. It is crowd-sourced and wrong in places, which is why the item is linked below rather than the claim simply repeated.

  • English the language of the name

    Which is not where a family is from. A Polish surname can be borne by people whose forebears never saw Poland, and often is.

  • Read about it on Wikipedia ↗ an article, with its own sources

Q16931305 on Wikidata ↗ — the item every line above came from.

What Wiktionary says this name is

Copied from the surname template on Wiktionary, not worked out here, and not from its etymology prose. Anyone may edit it; the page and the revision it was read at are linked below.

  • Irish what the English entry says it is from
  • English recorded as a surname in these languages

    A language here is the language of the NAME, not a country a family came from — the same caveat the Wikidata section carries, and worth repeating rather than assumed read.

O'Neill on Wiktionary ↗ — read at revision 87851960. Text from Wiktionary, by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0.

It is also the name of a place

3 places drawn, the largest being O'Neill, Neill, O'NeilO'Neil — 1Neill — 1O'Neill — 3,653
Where those places are. A dot is a settlement whose name is this surname, sized by its population — not a claim that anybody of the name lives there. Phonetic neighbours are listed below but not drawn: putting a machine's guess on the ground would dress it up as geography.

This is as close to an origin as this map will go. A surname that is also a place name often came from it — and often did not: plenty are occupations or patronymics that happen to collide with a place, and plenty of places are named after a family rather than the other way round. It is a fact with a source, which is more than an etymology page offers.

  • O'Neill United States of America pop. 3,653
  • Neill United States of America a spelling of the name
  • O'Neil United States of America a spelling of the name

Where it is borne, and where a record names it

Attested in 6 countries: Spain, France, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, IrelandDenmark — attested, not countedIreland — attested, not countedBelgium — 19 peoplePoland — 53 peopleFrance — 165 peopleSpain — 512 people
A dot is a country, not a place. It sits at the country's centre because a national register counts a country; nothing here says where in it these people are. A hollow ring is attested but not counted — Denmark publishes which surnames exist and not how many carry each, and a family archive finds a name without counting heads. Sizing those by a number nobody published would invent it. Blank is not absence. This draws the 6 countries where the eleven registers and eight archives behind this atlas attest the name. Most of the world has no surname register this project can read, and the ones that do and will not are listed with the reason.
Belgium, by commune. 19 people in 3 of Belgium's 565 communes, counted by Statbel. The biggest is Elsene with 9. This is the only country here that can be drawn this way — every other register counts a country and stops, so a blank elsewhere is a gap in what states publish, not in the name.
3 places drawn, the largest being Elsene, Antwerpen, WevelgemWevelgem — 5Antwerpen — 5Elsene — 9

Country by country

Each country below can carry up to three different kinds of evidence, and none of them is the same claim. A register is a head-count — a state counted these people. A record is one document naming the surname on that ground, narrower evidence and often much older. And a volume overlapping these dates is a document from the right place and years — never a document known to name this surname. None of the three ever means the name exists in that country and nowhere else, or that it exists nowhere but here.

Spain

512 Borne — a state counted them — Frecuencia de apellidos, Censos de población (INE).

Whose archive to write to

6,523 of 35,936 volumes held for Spain overlap the 1760s, 1820s and 1900s — the decades O'Neill is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names O'Neill. The commonest kinds: Church and parish registers, Probate, land and notarial, Civil registration and vital records, Immigration and emigration. See everything this atlas holds for Spain →

France

165 Borne — a state counted them — Fichier des noms de famille 1891–2000 (INSEE, fichier national).

Whose archive to write to

81 of 1,513 volumes held for France overlap the 1820s, 1900s, 1960s and 1970s — the decades O'Neill is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names O'Neill. The commonest kinds: Civil registration and vital records, Church and parish registers, Censuses and population lists. See everything this atlas holds for France →

Poland

53 Borne — a state counted them — Nazwiska występujące w rejestrze PESEL (z uwzględnieniem osób zmarłych).

Whose archive to write to

This atlas has no birth-year evidence for O'Neill in Poland, so it cannot narrow Poland's 15,686 volumes by date — see Poland's own page for all of it.

Belgium

19 Borne — a state counted them — Family names by municipality, 1 January 2026 (Statbel, TA_POP_LST_2026).

Whose archive to write to

This atlas has no birth-year evidence for O'Neill in Belgium, so it cannot narrow Belgium's 24,426 volumes by date — see Belgium's own page for all of it.

Denmark

Borne — a state counted them — Navne registreret i Danmark, January 2020 (Danmarks Statistik, republished by Digitaliseringsstyrelsen).

Whose archive to write to

This atlas has no birth-year evidence for O'Neill in Denmark, so it cannot narrow Denmark's 4,099 volumes by date — see Denmark's own page for all of it.

Ireland

Borne — a state counted them — Surnames of babies with ten or more occurrences, 2023–2025 (CSO, VSA110).

Whose archive to write to

1,568 of 1,568 volumes held for Ireland overlap the 1520s, 1770s, 1790s, 1820s, 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, 1910s, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s — the decades O'Neill is attested here. Too many to list, and this atlas does not know whether any one of them names O'Neill. The commonest kinds: Newspapers and gazettes, Church and parish registers. See everything this atlas holds for Ireland →

When it was being born, in France

INSEE counts births by surname and decade from the état civil, 1891 to 2000 — the only dated evidence in this dataset. A name that starts at zero and climbs arrived; a name that falls to nothing left, died out, or emigrated, and the decade it stops is the decade to stop searching. It counts births registered in France, so a family that emigrated in 1900 simply stops appearing, which is information rather than a defect. This name's first French births fall in 1911–1920 and its last in 1991–2000.

  • 1891–1900 —
  • 1901–1910 —
  • 1911–1920 3
  • 1921–1930 2
  • 1931–1940 3
  • 1941–1950 6
  • 1951–1960 7
  • 1961–1970 6
  • 1971–1980 33
  • 1981–1990 49
  • 1991–2000 56

Whose archive held that ground, and when

Every surname site can tell you a name is common somewhere. This one also knows which filing system held that ground in which years — and those are the two halves of one question: my people were called this, they were there, so who has the paper, and for which century. A name in Croatia before 1881 may sit in a military series and not a county one; a name in the Netherlands before 1811 has no civil record at all, only a baptism.

This is about the ground, not about your family. A register counting a name in a country says nothing about which village. And these are the pieces of a country this atlas has drawn, which in a large one may be a corner of it — Acadia reaches into Maine and is not a statement about the United States, and Bohemia's ground crosses into Poland. Each region's own page says which ground it covers. Where a country is missing below, nothing covers it yet.

France
Poland
  • Pomerania and Danzig 7 eras Duchy of Pomerania → Swedish Pomerania in the west; Brandenburg-Prussia in the east → Prussia → German Empire → …
  • Bohemia 6 eras Kingdom of Bohemia → Austria → Czechoslovakia → Sudetenland and the Reichsprotektorat → …
  • Posen — Prussian Poland 8 eras Poland → Prussia → Duchy of Warsaw → German Empire → …
  • Galicia 6 eras Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia → Poland → Austria → German and Soviet occupation → …
  • Moravia and Silesia 6 eras Margraviate of Moravia → Austria → Czechoslovakia → Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren → …
  • East Prussia 4 eras State of the Teutonic Order → Duchy, then Kingdom, of Prussia → German Empire → Russia in the north; Poland in the south; Lithuania at Memel
  • Silesia 6 eras Habsburg Bohemian crown lands → Prussia → German Empire → Divided → …
  • Congress Poland — the Russian partition 7 eras Russian Empire → Duchy of Warsaw → Kingdom of Poland, in personal union with Russia → Poland, restored → …
Belgium
Denmark
  • Denmark 4 eras Denmark–Norway → Denmark, after the loss of Norway → Prussia, then the German Empire → Denmark
Ireland
  • Ireland — the whole island 4 eras Kingdom of Ireland, under the English crown → United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland → United Kingdom → Irish Free State and Republic in the south; Northern Ireland in the six counties

No record region is drawn yet for Spain — which is a gap in this atlas and not a statement about that country.

Find O'Neill on the map →

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